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Objective To explore the population-genetics characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) prevailing at the Sichuan basin of China.Methods A total of 413 MTB strains collected from Sichuan basin were genotyped by large sequence polymorphism (LSP) and 15 loci variable number tandem repeat (VNTR).Difference between the distribution of lineage population was analyzed by x 2-test and the discriminatory ability of each VNTR locus was evaluated under the Hunter-Gaston Discriminatory Index (HGI).Both phylogeny on population level and genetic structure were demonstrated through N-J tree and the Minimal Spanning Tree (MST).Genetic differentiation of different lineage strains was analyzed by Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA).Time of the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) was calculated based on the Bayesian model.Results Four hundred and thirteen MTBs were divided into two major lineages,in which the Beijing lineage accounted for 56.2％ (232/413) and the Euro-American lineage for 43.8％ (181/413).There was no significant difference of population distribution between the two lineages (P＞0.05).The N-J tree of Beijing lineage MTB presented distinctly "star-like" and 72.4％ strains were grouped to one clonal complex in MST.The Euro-American lineages MTB presented "branch-like" in N-J tree and were grouped into multiple clonal complexes in MST.There was significant genetic differentiation in Beijing lineage MTBs between Chongqing and Sichuan (FST=0.018 91,P＜0.05),but not in the Euro-American lineage MTB (FST=0.005 19,P＞0.05).TMRCA of the largest clonal complex in Euro-American lineage MTB appeared to be 723 (95％ CI:517-946) years.Conclusion Both Beijing lineage and Euro-American lineage MTBs were competitively prevalent in the Sichuan basin.There was some difference noticed between the two lineages referring to genetic differentiation.The invasion of Euro-American lineages MTB to the basin area might be associated with a war occurred in this area about 720 years ago.
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Objective The onset and progression of lung cancer correlate closely to individual genetic background .This study evaluated the correlation between the onset risk of lung cancer and short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms in order to find a new pathway for investigating the pathogenesis of lung cancer . Methods Using PCR and electrophoresis on 15 STR loci , we studied the gene and genotype frequencies of peripheral vein blood specimens from 120 lung cancer patients and 156 healthy individuals in Nan-jing area.According to the differences in the allele distribution of the 15 STR loci, we evaluated the susceptive and/or resistant factors relevant to lung cancer . Results There were statistically significant differences between the lung cancer patients and healthy controls at alleles 10, 15.2, and 16 of the loci CSF1PO, D19S433, and D3S1358 (P1), as well as at alleles 14 and 14.2 of the loci CSF1PO and D19S433 (P<0.05, OR<1). Conclusion It is possible that alleles 10, 15.2 and 16 of the loci CSF1PO, D19S433, and D3S1358 are susceptive factors and alleles 14 and 14.2 of the loci CSF1PO and D19S433 are resistant factors relevant to lung cancer .
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Objective To evaluate the usefulness of mycolic acid for identification of Mycobacterium species using SMIS. Methods One hundred and eighteen clinical Mycobacterium isolates collected from Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute through whole year of 2007 were analyzed. The 118 isolates contain 25 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 93 non tuberculosis Mycobacterium identified by PNB method. Mycolic acid analysis using SMIS is evaluated for identification of a broad range of Mycobacteria in comparison with 16S rDNA , 16-23S rDNA ITS sequencing to measure the concordance rate and agreement, and verify the concordance rate and agreement among results of mycolic acid, sequencing and PNB in identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non tuberculosis Mycobacterium. Results The concordance rate between mycolic acid method analysis and DNA sequencing is 92% ( 108/118), of which concordance rate in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non tuberculosis Mycobacterium are 95% (35/37) and 90% (73/81) respectively, agreement of both is great( agreement Kappa value is 0. 96). Through retrospective analysis, the concordance of results between SMIS and PNB method analysis is 90% (106/118)and agreement is well( agreement Kappa value is 0. 73 ), the concordance of results between sequencing and PNB method analysis is also 90% ( 106/118 ) and agreement is well (agreement Kappa value is 0. 74 ),despite the identification results of 11 isolates by PNB method are discordant. Conclusion Mycolic acid analysis by SMIS enables rapid identification of a broad range of clinical Mycobacterium species, which could play an important role in polyphasic identification of Mycobacterium species.
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BACKGROUND: Fish oil is one of mainly natural resources of n-3 fatty acids, which can inhibit cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and prolong the survival of cardiac allograft. But, the mechanism is unclear. Recent in vitro data suggested that n-3 fatty acids could inhibit the release of inflammatory transmitter by the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y (PPARy). OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acids from fish oil ameliorates CAV development via activating PPARy. METHODS: A total of 6 Lewis rats and 18 Fisher344 rats were randomly selected as heart donors. An additional 24 Lewis rats were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups. In isograft group, heart transplantation was performed among Lewis rats, without any drug. In low-dose fish oil-treated group, F344→Lewis transplantation was performed. At 1 day following surgery, 0.03 mL/kg fish oil was treated by gavage for 8 weeks. In high-dose fish oil-treated group, F344→Lewis transplantation was conducted. At 1 day following surgery, 0.06 mL/kg fish oil was treated by gavage for 8 weeks. In control group, F344→Lawis transplantation was conducted. Cyclosporine A was administrated by gavage for 8 weeks. In the low-dose and high-dose fish oil-treated groups, cyclosporine A (1.5 mg/kg) was given daily by intramuscular injection for 2 weeks following surgery. CAV was evaluated by histological examination. Activity of nuclear factor (NF) k-B and PPARy was assessed in homogenate. Contents of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interferon-inducible protein 10 were measured by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chemokine receptor CCR2 and CXCR3 expression was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All 24 receptor Lewis rats were survived following surgery. The donor heart could regularly beat at 8 weeks following transplantation. Compared with the isograft group, severe CAV was detected in the control group al 8 weeks. Compared with the control group, CAV was significantly relieved, the activity of PPARy was significantly elevated, the activity of NF k-B was significantly decreased, levels of intragraft monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interferon-inducible protein-10 were significantly reduced in the low-dose and high-dose fish oil-treated groups (P < 0.001, P < 0.05), especially in the high-dose fish oil-treated group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in expression of chemokine receptors CXCR3 in the low-dose and high-dose fish oil-treated groups and control group. Our results demonstrated that n-3 fatty acids from fish oil can attenuate CAV development, possibly through activating PPARy and subsequently inhibiting the NF-kB activation, the chemokines secretion and its receptor expression in a dose-dependent fashion in rat models.
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Objective To explore the effect of individualized nursing intervention on life quality and efficacy of senile patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during perioperative period. Methods 212 senile patients with PCI were divided randomly into the control group and the study group with 106 patients in each. The individualized nursing intervention and routine nursing were used in the study group, while only routine nursing was used in the control group. The patients in both groups were investigated in 3 days after PCI with questionnaire designed by the author to compare life quality and efficacy during perioperative period. Results The occurring rate of side-effect of the study group was lower than that of the control group, and the satisfaction degree, quality of life and efficacy were also higher than those of the control group. Conclusions Effective individualized nursing intervention can cor-rect the patients' pre-treatment behavior, provide more health information to the patients and give them the rules of self-nursing, so as to reduce the occurrence rate of complication, improve the patients quality of life and curative effect.
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Since the first launching of heart lung bypass machine in animal model in 1937,cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) has become more and more consummate,but it still brings about many complications,including pulmonary,renal and hepatic dysfunctions.Among these complications,hepatic dysfunction plays an important role in the impairment after cardiac operations.The liver function indices such as aspartate aminotransferase,glutamate-pyruvate transaminase,bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase will step up obviously during 3 to 5 days after the operation.The physiological changes deteriorate patient's condition,and even influence the prognosis.This clinical phenomenon puzzles cardiac surgeons.All these demand us to answer the following questions: Is the cardiopulmonary bypass harm the liver? What's the mechanism? We review the different researches on hepatic injury after cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Objective To assess susceptibility of to 173 clinical M.tuberculosis isolates to by Micro-well Phage Replication Assay(MPRA).Methods To prepare the isolates and expose them to rifampin . To prepare phage D29 suspension . MPRA array for the susceptibility to rifampin.Results Compared with the absolute concentration method ,there were the same result of 38 isolate in 42 susceptible strains and of 124 isolate in 131 resistant strains. Between result of MPRA assay and absolute concentrstion (method,) concordance was 93.6%(38/42), susceptibility was 94.9%(124/131) and specificity is 90.5%((38/42).)Conclusion MPRA assay is a good and rapid method for drug susceptibility of rifampin.